Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microfluidic Osteoarthritis-on-a-Chip: Modeling Human Joint Inflammation

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.06.704398

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative fluorescence scans of the Human Inflammation Array illustrating cytokine expression patterns (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, MCP-1, and TNF-α) across the four experimental conditions: healthy monoculture, disease (IL-1β-stimulated) monoculture, healthy co-culture (M0 macrophages), and disease co-culture (M1 macrophages). (B) Representative fluorescence scans of the Human MMP Array showing the relative abundance of matrix remodeling proteins (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-4) under the same four conditions. Each antibody is printed in quadruplicate horizontally to ensure reproducibility and quantitative reliability.

Article Snippet: Two conditions were established: an untreated control group representing the low-inflammation (i.e., nominally healthy) state and an IL-1β-stimulated group (10 ng/mL; HY-P7028, MedChemExpress, recombinant human, E. coli -derived) representing the high-inflammation (disease-like) state.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Expressing, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Microfluidic Osteoarthritis-on-a-Chip: Modeling Human Joint Inflammation

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.06.704398

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profiles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), and cytokines across healthy and OA (disease) conditions in monoculture and co-culture systems. MC denotes chondrocyte monoculture , and CC denotes the four-cell co-culture (with M0 or M1 macrophages). Panels A-J show MMPs and TIMPs, and panels K-T present ten key inflammatory mediators (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, MCP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α). White bars represent healthy conditions (healthy MC or healthy M0-CC), and gray bars represent OA/disease conditions (IL-1β-stimulated MC or M1-CC). Comparisons were performed within each condition (healthy MC vs healthy CC; disease MC vs disease CC). Data are mean ± 95% CI relative to the corresponding MC. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Two conditions were established: an untreated control group representing the low-inflammation (i.e., nominally healthy) state and an IL-1β-stimulated group (10 ng/mL; HY-P7028, MedChemExpress, recombinant human, E. coli -derived) representing the high-inflammation (disease-like) state.

Techniques: Expressing, Co-Culture Assay